Many authors equate the terms minor head injury and concussion. However, the pediatrician is most likely to be called on to manage concussions in the context of sports injuries. While there is no consensus on its definition, there are features of concussions that all agree on:

  • Concussion may be caused by either a direct blow to the head, neck or face or elsewhere on the body with an "impulsive" force transmitted to the head.
  • Concussion usually results in the rapid onset of short-lived neurologic impairments that resolve spontaneously.
  • The acute clinical symptoms of concussion are mostly functional disturbances rather than structural injuries.
  • Concussion results in a set of clinical syndromes with or without LOC. Resolution of symptoms typically follows a sequential course.
  • Imaging studies are usually normal in concussion.


The First International Symposium on Concussion in Sport was convened in Vienna in 2001. Its consensus guidelines were updated and revised at the 2nd Symposium in Prague in 2004. These current recommendations are applicable to children from 5-18 years of age.



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