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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden death of an infant less than 1 year old which remains unexplained after a careful review of the clinical history, a death scene investigation and a thorough postmortem examination. In spite of a significant decline in incidence over the past 15 years, it remains the most common cause of death between 1 month and 1 year of age. SIDS cases are rare in the first month of life, peak at 2-3 months of age, then decrease. SIDS rates are much higher in black, American Indian and Alaska native children - 2 to 3 times the national average. Studies have consistently shown the following as independent risk factors for SIDS:
- prone sleeping position
- sleeping on a soft surface
- maternal smoking during pregnancy
- overheating
- late or no prenatal care
- young maternal age
- preterm birth or low birth weight
- male gender
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